Explanation: Sports psychology is a field that studies how psychological factors affect sports performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical well-being.

Explanation: Trait theory proposes that personality consists of relatively stable traits (e.g., introversion/extroversion, conscientiousness) that consistently influence behaviour across situations.

Explanation: While physiological aspects are important in sports, sports psychology primarily deals with mental and emotional factors. Physiological testing falls more under sports science or exercise physiology.

Explanation: Stress is the body's physiological and psychological response to demands (stressors). It can be positive or negative depending on the level and individual's coping mechanisms.

Explanation: Concentration (or attention) in sports is the ability to selectively focus on important information and ignore irrelevant distractions, both internal and external.

Explanation: Intrinsic motivation comes from within, driven by personal satisfaction, pleasure, or a sense of accomplishment derived directly from the activity itself.

Explanation: Situational theory argues that behaviour is largely determined by the situation or environment rather than fixed personality traits.

Explanation: Mental toughness is the psychological edge that enables athletes to cope better than their opponents with the demands of sport. It involves qualities like resilience, confidence, focus, and determination.

Explanation: Trait anxiety is a personality characteristic reflecting a general disposition to be anxious across a variety of situations. High trait anxiety individuals are more likely to experience state anxiety more frequently and intensely.

Explanation: Interactional theory, the most widely accepted view, proposes that behaviour is a product of the interplay between an individual's personality traits and the specific situation they are in.

Explanation: The Inverted-U Hypothesis proposes that performance improves with arousal up to an optimal point, after which further increases in arousal lead to performance decline.

Explanation: SMART is an acronym used to set effective goals. SMART goals are Specific (clearly defined), Measurable (quantifiable), Achievable (realistic), Relevant (aligned with overall objectives), and Time-bound (with a deadline).

Explanation: Progressive muscle relaxation involves systematically tensing and then relaxing different muscle groups throughout the body to reduce physical tension and promote relaxation.

Explanation: Extrinsic motivation is fueled by external factors like trophies, medals, money, praise from coaches or parents, or avoiding punishment.

Explanation: Anxiety is a negative emotional state characterized by worry, nervousness, and apprehension. It involves cognitive (thoughts) and emotional (feelings) components.

Explanation: Personality traits can influence how athletes approach sport, cope with pressure, and interact with teammates and coaches. However, it's one of many factors, including skill, training, and environment.

Explanation: Self-talk is the internal conversation we have with ourselves. In sports, positive and instructional self-talk can enhance performance and manage anxiety, while negative self-talk can be detrimental.

Explanation: Goal setting helps athletes focus their efforts, increases motivation by providing targets to strive for, and can improve performance by directing attention and effort strategically.

Explanation: State anxiety is temporary and situation-specific. It fluctuates depending on the demands of the situation, like the moments before a competition.

Explanation: Visualization (or imagery) is a mental technique where athletes create mental pictures of themselves performing successfully. This can improve confidence, focus, and skill execution.