Terms, Concepts and Their use in Sociology Ch(2) Book – 1 Practice Quiz in English Part – 2 || Class 11 Sociology Practice Quizzes in English

Explanation: The passage defines deviance as actions that violate the norms or values of a particular society or group.

Explanation: Sanctions are mechanisms used to enforce social norms and can be positive (rewards) or negative (punishments). They play a crucial role in maintaining social order.

Explanation: The passage lists ridicule as an example of informal social control, which includes unofficial and uncodified methods of regulating behavior.

Explanation: Role conflict occurs when there are conflicting expectations associated with different roles that an individual occupies. For example, a working parent may experience role conflict when trying to balance the demands of their job with their responsibilities at home.

Explanation: An achieved status is a position that an individual earns or chooses based on their own efforts or merits. Examples include educational qualifications, income, and professional expertise.

Explanation: Social control encompasses all the ways in which societies try to ensure conformity to norms and maintain order. This can include both formal mechanisms like laws and informal mechanisms like social pressure.

Explanation: Social stratification refers to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different groups in society. This can be based on factors like class, caste, race, or gender.

Explanation: Unlike caste systems, class systems are more fluid and allow for social mobility. Individuals can move up or down the social hierarchy based on their achievements and circumstances.

Explanation: Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society and how to carry out their social roles.

Explanation: A negative sanction is a punishment or penalty imposed for violating social norms. Imprisonment is a common example of a negative sanction used in formal social control.

Explanation: Formal and impersonal relationships are more characteristic of secondary groups, where interactions are often based on specific roles or goals. Primary groups, on the other hand, are defined by close, personal connections.

Explanation: Intimate and face-to-face association is a characteristic of primary groups, such as families and close-knit circles of friends. Secondary groups, on the other hand, are larger, more formal, and often goal-oriented.

Explanation: We do not necessarily belong to or interact with our reference groups. They are groups that we admire and may try to emulate, even if we are not directly part of them.

Explanation: A family having dinner together is an example of a primary group, characterized by close, intimate relationships. Quasi groups are temporary gatherings of people who lack a strong sense of connection or shared identity.

Explanation: Ascribed status is assigned to an individual based on factors such as age, caste, race, or kinship. These are characteristics that a person is born with or that they have no control over.

Explanation: The text defines a sanction as a way to encourage or discourage certain behaviors to maintain social order.

Explanation: The passage explains that conflict theorists see social control as a tool used by powerful groups to maintain their control over society.

Explanation: The text mentions law as an example of formal social control, which involves codified rules and institutions.

Explanation: Role stereotyping involves assigning fixed and rigid roles to individuals based on their social categories, such as gender or race. This can limit opportunities and perpetuate harmful stereotypes.

**Explanation:** Caste systems are characterized by their rigidity and lack of social mobility. Individuals are born into their caste and have little opportunity to change their social position.