Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion Ch (5) Book – 1 Practice Quiz in English Part – 2 || Class 12 Sociology Practice Quizzes in English Posted on March 7, 2025March 7, 2025 by Anshul Gupta0% 0 votes, 0 avg 0 Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion Ch (5) Book – 1Practice Quiz in English Part – 2 || Class 12 Sociology Practice Quizzes in English 1 / 201. What is the potential danger of mechanization? A. It can lead to increased employment. B. It can lead to decreased production. C. None of the above D. It can eventually replace workers. Explanation: The chapter highlights the concern that increasing mechanization and automation can lead to job displacement, as machines take over tasks previously performed by human workers.2 / 202. What is outsourcing? A. Companies increasing permanent employees and reducing contract work. B. None of the above C. Companies reducing permanent employees and contracting work to smaller companies or individuals. D. Companies expanding their in-house operations. Explanation: Outsourcing involves companies contracting specific tasks or operations to external individuals or smaller companies, often to reduce costs or increase efficiency. 3 / 203. What percentage of workers in India are self-employed? A. 52% B. 75% C. 10% D. 25% Explanation: A significant characteristic of the Indian labor market is the high proportion of self-employed individuals, which is over 50%. 4 / 204. What is the “knowledge economy”? A. The growth of the IT sector B. The growth of the manufacturing sector C. None of the above D. The decline of the agricultural sector Explanation: The term “knowledge economy” is often used to describe the increasing importance of knowledge and information-based industries, particularly the IT sector, in economic growth.5 / 205. What is disinvestment? A. The process of the government investing in private companies. B. None of the above C. The process of private companies investing in public sector companies. D. The process of the government selling its share in public sector companies. Explanation: Disinvestment refers to the government’s policy of reducing its ownership in public sector companies by selling its shares, often to private investors. 6 / 206. What are the social implications of the small size of the organized sector in India? A. All of the above B. Difficulty in forming and participating in unions C. Limited exposure to diverse work environments D. Lack of access to secure jobs with benefits Explanation: The small organized sector in India leads to several social consequences, including limited opportunities for interaction with people from diverse backgrounds, lack of job security and benefits, and challenges in organizing labor unions. 7 / 207. What is a serious concern regarding employment in India? A. There are too many people employed in manufacturing. B. None of the above C. The service sector is declining. D. The sector employing the most people (agriculture) does not generate much income for them. Explanation: The chapter highlights the problem of low income generation in the agricultural sector, which employs the largest proportion of the Indian workforce. 8 / 208. What is the trend of employment in the government sector? A. Stable B. None of the above C. Increasing D. Declining Explanation: The chapter notes that government employment, which was a significant source of jobs and social mobility, is now shrinking due to privatization and other factors. 9 / 209. What is the impact of the IT industry on family structures? A. None of the above B. It has led to the decline of joint families. C. It has had no impact on family structures. D. It has led to the re-emergence of joint families in some cases. Explanation: The long working hours in the IT industry can necessitate10 / 2010. What are some of the negative consequences of liberalization and privatization? A. Reduced environmental pollution B. None of the above C. Rising income inequality D. Increased job security Explanation: Liberalization and privatization policies are often associated with increased income disparities, as benefits of economic growth may not be distributed equally. 11 / 2011. What is the impact of the IT industry on working hours? A. None of the above B. No change in working hours C. Longer working hours D. Shorter working hours Explanation: The IT industry, especially in the context of outsourcing, is known for its demanding work culture, often involving long working hours and pressure to meet deadlines. 12 / 2012. What are the two main ways of making workers produce more? A. Extending working hours and increasing the amount produced within a given time period B. None of the above C. Improving working conditions and providing training D. Providing incentives and bonuses Explanation: Managers often employ two primary methods to increase worker productivity: extending the working hours and intensifying the production process to achieve higher output within a given time.13 / 2013. What is the organized sector? A. Units employing less than ten people throughout the year. B. All units employing ten or more people throughout the year. C. Self-employed individuals D. None of the above Explanation: The organized sector is defined as businesses or organizations that employ a certain number of people (ten or more in India) and are registered with the government, ensuring benefits for employees. 14 / 2014. What is the main task of a manager in a workplace? A. To reduce production costs B. To provide emotional support to workers C. None of the above D. To control workers and get more work out of them Explanation: The chapter discusses the role of managers in maximizing worker productivity through various strategies, including extending working hours and increasing output within a given time frame.15 / 2015. What is the impact of outsourcing on wages and working conditions? A. None of the above B. It leads to lower wages and poor working conditions. C. It has no impact on wages and working conditions. D. It leads to higher wages and better working conditions. Explanation: Outsourcing can result in lower wages and poor working conditions, especially in smaller companies that compete for contracts by cutting costs. 16 / 2016. What is the impact of mechanization on the employment in Maruti Udyog Ltd.? A. The number of permanent jobs in the factory has gone down. B. The number of permanent jobs in the factory has remained the same. C. The number of permanent jobs in the factory has gone up. D. None of the above Explanation: The example of Maruti Udyog Ltd. illustrates how increased mechanization and automation can lead to a reduction in permanent jobs, even as production increases.17 / 2017. What is the impact of just-in-time supplies on workers? A. It makes workers more relaxed. B. None of the above C. It makes workers more tense. D. It has no impact on workers. Explanation: The just-in-time supply system, while efficient for companies, can create tension and pressure for workers who have to constantly adjust their pace to match the arrival of supplies and maintain production targets.18 / 2018. What is the policy of liberalisation? A. Increasing government control over industries. B. None of the above C. Encouraging private and foreign companies to invest in sectors previously reserved for the government. D. Restricting foreign investment. Explanation: Liberalization involves reducing government control over industries and allowing private and foreign companies to invest in various sectors, including those previously under government monopoly. 19 / 2019. Does the use of machinery always lead to greater skills in society? A. None of the above B. No C. Yes D. Maybe Explanation: The chapter presents the argument that while technology can enhance certain skills, it can also lead to deskilling in some areas, as machines take over tasks that previously required human expertise.20 / 2020. What is the primary sector in India? A. Manufacturing B. None of the above C. Trade and transport D. Agriculture and mining Explanation: The primary sector in India, which includes agriculture and mining, still employs a significant portion of the population, although its contribution to economic growth has declined. 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