Change and Development in Industrial Society Ch (5) Book – 2 Practice Quiz in English Part – 2 || Class 12 Sociology Practice Quizzes in English Posted on March 7, 2025March 7, 2025 by Anshul Gupta0% 0 votes, 0 avg 0 Change and Development in Industrial Society Ch (5) Book – 2Practice Quiz in English Part – 2 || Class 12 Sociology Practice Quizzes in English 1 / 201. What is the term used to describe the process of bringing cultural elements, such as traditions, knowledge, or images, into the market economy? A. Liberalization of culture B. Marketisation of culture C. Commodification of culture D. Globalization of culture Explanation: The commodification of culture involves turning cultural elements into products that can be bought and sold, often to tourists or consumers seeking exotic experiences. 2 / 202. Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of liberalization? A. Increased job opportunities in certain sectors B. Reduced income inequality within countries C. Greater access to foreign goods and services D. Increased economic growth Explanation: Liberalization can exacerbate income inequality within countries, as some individuals and groups may benefit more than others from economic reforms. 3 / 203. Which of the following is NOT a way in which consumption contributes to social distinctions in modern societies? A. Creating and maintaining social boundaries between groups B. Communicating cultural preferences through consumer choices C. Displaying wealth and status through possessions D. Promoting social equality and reducing class differences Explanation: Consumption can reinforce social distinctions and inequalities, as people use possessions and consumer choices to signal their status and differentiate themselves from others. 4 / 204. What is the term used to describe the value that workers create in excess of their wages, which is appropriated by the capitalists? A. Labour value B. Market value C. Capital value D. Surplus value Explanation: Surplus value is the difference between the value of what workers produce and the wages they receive, which is a source of profit for the capitalists. 5 / 205. Which of the following is NOT a potential negative impact of commodification? A. Increased cultural exchange and understanding B. Exploitation of cultural resources C. Homogenization of cultures D. Loss of traditional values and practices Explanation: While commodification can lead to cultural exchange, it can also have negative consequences, such as the erosion of traditional values and the exploitation of cultural resources for commercial gain.6 / 206. What is the term used to describe the close relationship between the caste system and the economy in India, particularly in terms of landholding, occupational differentiation, and trade? A. Social economy B. Traditional economy C. Market economy D. Caste-based economy Explanation: The term “caste-based economy” refers to the way in which the caste system has historically shaped and influenced economic activities and relationships in India, including land ownership, occupational choices, and trade practices.7 / 207. What is the term used to describe the economic system in which land ownership and personal loyalty are the basis of economic and social relations? A. Feudalism B. Capitalism C. Socialism D. Communism Explanation: Feudalism was a historical economic system in which land ownership and personal loyalty formed the basis of economic and social organization. 8 / 208. What is the term used to describe the process of transforming goods and services into commodities that can be bought and sold? A. Capitalism B. Liberalization C. Commodification D. Consumption Explanation: Commodification is the process of bringing goods, services, or even ideas into the market realm, where they are assigned a monetary value and can be exchanged. 9 / 209. What is the term used to describe the economic system in which the means of production are owned by the community as a whole and there is no private property? A. Socialism B. Communism C. Feudalism D. Capitalism Explanation: Communism is a theoretical economic system in which there is no private property, and the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole. 10 / 2010. What is the term used to describe the process of transforming a public service, such as education or healthcare, into a commodity that can be bought and sold? A. Privatization of public services B. Commodification of public services C. Liberalization of public services D. Marketisation of public services Explanation: The commodification of public services involves treating essential services like education or healthcare as marketable goods, subject to market forces and profit motives. 11 / 2011. What is the term used to describe the two basic classes in a capitalist society, according to Karl Marx? A. Capitalists and workers B. Merchants and artisans C. Landlords and peasants D. Brahmins and Shudras Explanation: According to Marx, capitalist society is fundamentally divided into two main classes: the capitalists, who own the means of production (factories, land, etc.), and the workers, who sell their labour to the capitalists in exchange for wages.12 / 2012. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of communism? A. Classless society B. Absence of private property C. Collective ownership of the means of production D. Market competition and profit-seeking Explanation: Communism aims to eliminate market competition and profit-seeking, replacing them with a system of production and distribution based on need. 13 / 2013. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of capitalism? A. Pursuit of profit B. Private ownership of the means of production C. Market competition D. Government control over production Explanation: Capitalism is typically associated with limited government intervention in the economy, allowing market forces to drive production and distribution. 14 / 2014. What is the term used to describe the economic system in which the government controls the means of production and distribution? A. Communism B. Feudalism C. Capitalism D. Socialism Explanation: Socialism is an economic system characterized by government or collective ownership of the means of production and distribution, with the goal of reducing inequality and promoting social welfare. 15 / 2015. Which of the following is NOT a potential negative impact of the commodification of public services? A. Focus on profit maximization over social welfare B. Reduced access to essential services for the poor C. Erosion of the public character of essential services D. Increased quality and efficiency of service delivery Explanation: While commodification can sometimes lead to improvements in service delivery, it can also have negative consequences, such as reduced access for the poor and a focus on profit over social good. 16 / 2016. Which of the following is NOT a potential impact of globalization on local cultures? A. Loss of traditional values and practices B. Homogenization of cultures C. Increased cultural exchange and diversity D. Strengthening of local cultural identities Explanation: Globalization can lead to the erosion of local cultural identities as global brands and media dominate the cultural landscape. 17 / 2017. What is the term used to describe the process of transforming a traditional market or fair into a tourist attraction? A. Marketisation of culture B. Commodification of culture C. Liberalization of culture D. Globalization of culture Explanation: The commodification of culture involves turning cultural elements, such as traditions, knowledge, or even images, into products that can be sold in the market, often to tourists or consumers seeking exotic experiences.18 / 2018. What is the term used to describe the economic policy of reducing trade barriers and promoting free trade between countries? A. Globalization B. Commodification C. Liberalization D. Marketisation Explanation: Liberalization involves removing restrictions on trade, investment, and capital flows to promote economic growth and integration with the global economy. 19 / 2019. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of socialism? A. Pursuit of individual profit as the primary motivator B. Government control over production and distribution C. Collective ownership of the means of production D. Emphasis on social welfare and reducing inequality Explanation: Socialism prioritizes social welfare and the common good over individual profit, aiming to create a more equitable distribution of resources. 20 / 2020. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of feudalism? A. Market-based exchange and wage labour B. Personal loyalty and obligation between lords and vassals C. Hierarchical social structure with limited social mobility D. Land ownership as the primary source of wealth and power Explanation: Feudalism was characterized by a largely agrarian economy with limited market exchange and a social structure based on land ownership and personal relationships. 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